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Technical Q&As
Apple provides opportunities for developers to create hardware devices, including memory, mass storage, PCI, CardBus, USB, FireWire, and wireless solutions. Developer notes listed in the Apple Hardware topic provide relevant connector, cabling, and pin-out information, physical dimensions, electrical and thermal requirements, and pointers and references to standards.

Hardware Resources
A guided introduction and learning path to developing hardware and device-level software for Apple's computers and servers.  
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What is unsolicited status? (HTML) ()
FW03: Explains the meaning and usage of the SBP-2 unsolicited status message.
FireWire 1999-05-17
TCP/IP Option Sizes (HTML) ()
NW62: Enumerates the TCP/IP options and their sizes for Open Transport.
Networking 1999-04-26
The AAPL, slot-name property and PCI (HTML) ()
HW61: Discusses the use of the AAPL,slot name property for PCI
Apple Hardware, Open Firmware, PCI and PC Card 1999-04-19
Converting a numeric string to a number under Forth (HTML) ()
HW52: Demonstrates numeric string conversion in Forth.
Open Firmware, PCI and PC Card 1999-03-29
Determining Open Firmware configuration variables (HTML) ()
HW56: Discusses how to determine the Open Firmware variables on a system.
AirPort/802.11, Apple Hardware, ATA, Bluetooth, Device Drivers, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, FireWire, Human Interface Device & Force Feedback, Mac OS X Server, Mass Storage Devices, Music & Audio, Networking, PCI and PC Card, Performance, Printing, QuickTime, Rendezvous, Scanners, SCSI, Serial, Still Cameras, USB 1999-03-29
Determining the version of Open Firmware on your Mac (HTML) ()
HW60: Describes a method to display the version of Open Firmware on a Macintosh.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers, Performance 1999-03-29
dl command in 1 machine mode (HTML) ()
HW51: Describes using the "dl" command in 1 machine mode.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers 1999-03-29
Expansion ROM device properties (HTML) ()
HW50: Describes the Open Firmware properties that should be included in a boot device's expansion ROM.
AirPort/802.11, Apple Hardware, ATA, Bluetooth, Device Drivers, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, FireWire, Human Interface Device & Force Feedback, Mac OS X Server, Mass Storage Devices, Music & Audio, Networking, PCI and PC Card, Printing, QuickTime, Rendezvous, Scanners, SCSI, Serial, Still Cameras, USB 1999-03-29
Getting started with Forth (HTML) ()
HW53: Describes where FCode driver developers can get information about the Forth programming language.
AirPort/802.11, Apple Hardware, ATA, Bluetooth, Device Drivers, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, FireWire, Human Interface Device & Force Feedback, Mac OS X Server, Mass Storage Devices, Music & Audio, Networking, PCI and PC Card, Performance, Printing, QuickTime, Rendezvous, Scanners, SCSI, Serial, Still Cameras, USB 1999-03-29
if and then in Forth (HTML) ()
HW54: Using the Forth word "if" requires a "then".
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers 1999-03-29
PCI SIG (HTML) ()
HW55: Describes the meaning of the acronym PCI SIG.
PCI and PC Card 1999-03-29
Stopping Forth command scrolls (HTML) ()
HW57: Describes how to limit Forth commands from scrolling off the screen.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers, Performance 1999-03-29
What is a tokenizer? (HTML) ()
HW58: Defines a tokenizer.
Open Firmware, PCI and PC Card 1999-03-29
Why did the name of the PCI bridge change? (HTML) ()
HW59: Explains the name change of the PCI bridge to the generic name "pci" in Open Firmware.
AirPort/802.11, Apple Hardware, ATA, Bluetooth, Device Drivers, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, FireWire, Human Interface Device & Force Feedback, Mac OS X Server, Mass Storage Devices, Music & Audio, Networking, PCI and PC Card, Performance, Printing, QuickTime, Rendezvous, Scanners, SCSI, Serial, Still Cameras, USB 1999-03-29
Are interrupts enabled while Open Firmware is running? (HTML) ()
HW44: Explains that interrupts are disabled when Open Firmware is running.
AirPort/802.11, Apple Hardware, ATA, Bluetooth, Device Drivers, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, FireWire, Human Interface Device & Force Feedback, Mac OS X Server, Mass Storage Devices, Music & Audio, Networking, PCI and PC Card, Performance, Printing, QuickTime, Rendezvous, Scanners, SCSI, Serial, Still Cameras, USB 1999-02-15
Booting after invoking the Open Firmware user interface (HTML) ()
HW48: Tells how to boot a system after entering the Open Firmware user interface.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers, Mass Storage Devices 1999-02-15
Changing the configuration variable in Open Firmware (HTML) ()
HW40: Tells how to change the configuration variable in Open Firmware.
Open Firmware 1999-02-15
Difference between an Open Firmware word and method (HTML) ()
HW46: Describes the differences between an Open Firmware word and an Open Firmware method.
Open Firmware, PCI and PC Card 1999-02-15
Difference between using Restart or Shut Down in the Finder's Special menu in Open Firmware (HTML) ()
HW47: Explains the differences between using Restart or Shut Down on Open Firmware
Apple Hardware, PCI and PC Card 1999-02-15
Do PowerBooks have a PCI bus? (HTML) ()
HW43: Explains that a Powerbook has a PCI bus.
Apple Hardware, PCI and PC Card 1999-02-15
How does Open Firmware generate the name property? (HTML) ()
HW39: Describes the Open Firmware name property generation process.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers 1999-02-15
Invoking the Open Firmware user interface (HTML) ()
HW45: Describes how to invoke the Open Firmware user interface on startup.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers 1999-02-15
PCI bus on the iMac (HTML) ()
HW42: Explains that the iMac has a PCI bus even though it has no expansion slots.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers, PCI and PC Card 1999-02-15
Switching between one and two machine mode for the Open Firmware user interface (HTML) ()
HW37: Explains how to change from one machine mode to two in the Open Firmware user interface.
Open Firmware 1999-02-15
What are configuration variables in Open Firmware? (HTML) ()
HW38: Defines the configuration variables in Open Firmware.
AirPort/802.11, Apple Hardware, Device Drivers, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, FireWire, Mac OS X Server, Mass Storage Devices, Music & Audio, Networking, PCI and PC Card, QuickTime, Scanners, SCSI, Serial, Still Cameras, USB 1999-02-15
What are generic names in Open Firmware? (HTML) ()
HW34: Documents the generic names in Open Firmware.
Open Firmware, PCI and PC Card 1999-02-15
What are NewWorld and Open Firmware version 3? (HTML) ()
HW33: Describes "NewWorld project" and tells what part Open Firmware version 3 plays.
Device Drivers 1999-02-15
What are snag keys in Open Firmware? (HTML) ()
HW35: Explains Open Firmware snag keys, including examples of their function.
Apple Hardware, FireWire, Mass Storage Devices, Networking, USB 1999-02-15
What is meant by 1 machine mode verses 2 machine mode with respect to Open Firmware? (HTML) ()
HW36: Documents 1 machine mode vs. 2 machine mode in Open Firmware.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers 1999-02-15
PrepareMemoryForIO in the NewWorld (HTML)
DV33: Explains the correct use of PrepareMemoryForIO on DMA buffers when writing a device driver for DMA software.
Device Drivers 1998-12-07
Ejecting the Volume on Which Your Program Resides (HTML) ()
FL09: Suggests different solutions regarding ejecting a disk on which an application resides.
Mass Storage Devices 1998-07-06
OTScheduleDeferredTask When Task Running (HTML) ()
NW52: Describes what happens when you use OTScheduleDefferedTask to schedule a task that is running.
Apple Hardware, Networking, Performance 1997-10-13
SCSI ID from vRefNum (HTML) ()
DV29: Legacy Mac OS technique for identifying the ID of a SCSI Parallel device containing a specified disk volume.
Device Drivers, Mass Storage Devices, SCSI 1997-05-23
Changing the TCP Window Size (HTML)
NW47: Describes how to change the TCP window size in Open Transport.
Ethernet, Networking 1997-03-14
Detecting a CD-ROM (HTML) ()
DV18: Demonstrates CD-ROM drive detection.
Apple Hardware, Device Drivers, Mass Storage Devices, SCSI 1997-01-31
T_DATA_REQ vs M_DATA TPI Message Blocks (HTML) ()
NW42: Explains why OT passes data to a TPI module using M_DATA message blocks instead of M_PROTO+T_DATA_REQ.
Networking 1996-10-25
DR Emulator Caches (HTML) ()
Deprecated - HW28: Describes the Dynamic Recompiling emulator's cache, including a description of when to flush the cache.
Apple Hardware 1996-04-08
PCI Type 1 Cycles (HTML)
HW26: Describes the circumstances when the PowerMac generates a Configuration Type 1 command.
AirPort/802.11, Apple Hardware, ATA, Bluetooth, Device Drivers, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, FireWire, Human Interface Device & Force Feedback, Mac OS X Server, Mass Storage Devices, Music & Audio, Networking, PCI and PC Card, Printing, Scanners, SCSI, Serial, Still Cameras, USB 1995-07-15
ANSI SCSI Standards (HTML)
Deprecated - DV03: Describes past Macintosh systems that did not fully support the ANSI SCSI-1 standard.
Apple Hardware, ATA, Device Drivers, Mass Storage Devices, Open Firmware, PCI and PC Card, SCSI 1995-07-01
Getting a List of Drivers & LUNs (logical unit numbers) (HTML)
Deprecated - DV04: Describes a legacy Mac OS technique for obtaining a list of SCSI Parallel drivers, devices, and LUNs.
ATA, Device Drivers, SCSI 1995-07-01